|
Extrait du “Lieberman-Warner Climate Security
Act”
Congress finds that--
(1) unchecked global warming poses a significant threat to--
(A) the national security and economy of the United States;
(B) public health and welfare in the United States;
(C) the well-being of other countries; and
(D) the global environment;
(2) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
done at New York on May 9, 1992, the United States is committed to
stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that will prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with
the climate system;
(3) according to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stabilizing greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent
dangerous interference with the climate system will require a global
effort to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide by
50 to 85 percent below 2000 levels by 2050;
(4) prompt, decisive action is critical, since global warming
pollutants can persist in the atmosphere for more than a century;
(5) the ingenuity of the people of the United States will allow the
United States to become a leader in curbing global warming;
(6) it is possible and desirable to cap greenhouse gas emissions,
from sources that together account for the majority of those
emissions in the United States, at the current level in 2012, and to
lower the cap each year between 2012 and 2050, on the condition that
the system includes--
(A) cost containment measures;
(B) periodic review of requirements;
(C) an aggressive program for deploying advanced energy technology;
(D) programs to assist low- and middle-income energy consumers; and
(E) programs to mitigate the impacts of any unavoidable global
climate change;
(7) Congress may need to update the emissions caps in order to
account for continuing scientific data and steps taken, or not
taken, by foreign countries;
(8) accurate emission data and timely compliance with the
requirements of the greenhouse gas emission reduction and trading
program established under this Act are needed to ensure that
reductions are achieved and to provide equity, efficiency, and
openness in the market for allowances subject to the program; and
(9) additional policies external to a cap-and-trade program may be
required, including with respect to--
(A) the transportation sector, where reducing greenhouse gas
emissions requires changes in the vehicle, in the fuels, and in
consumer behavior; and
(B) the built environment, where reducing direct and indirect
greenhouse gas emissions requires changes in buildings, appliances,
lighting, heating, cooling, and consumer behavior.
SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
The purposes of this Act are--
(1) to establish the core of a Federal program that will reduce
United States greenhouse gas emissions substantially enough between
2007 and 2050 to avert the catastrophic impacts of global climate
change; and
(2) to accomplish that purpose while preserving robust growth in the
United States economy and avoiding the imposition of hardship on
United States citizens.
SEC. 6001. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) BASELINE EMISSION LEVEL- The term `baseline emission level'
means, as determined by the Administrator, the total average annual
greenhouse gas emissions attributed to a category of covered goods
of a foreign country during the period beginning on January 1, 2012,
and ending on December 31, 2014, based on--
(A) relevant data available for that period; and
(B) to the extent necessary with respect to a specific category of
covered goods, economic and engineering models and best available
information on technology performance levels for the manufacture of
that category of covered goods.
(2) COMPARABLE ACTION- The term `comparable action' means any
greenhouse gas regulatory programs, requirements, and other measures
adopted by a foreign country that, in combination, are comparable in
effect to actions carried out by the United States to limit
greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to this Act, as determined by the
President, taking into consideration the level of economic
development of the foreign country.
(3) COMPLIANCE YEAR- The term `compliance year' means each calendar
year for which the requirements of this title apply to a category of
covered goods of a covered foreign country that is imported into the
United States.
(4) COVERED FOREIGN COUNTRY- The term `covered foreign country'
means a foreign country that is included on the covered list
prepared under section 6006(b)(3).
(5) COVERED GOOD- The term `covered good' means a good that (as
identified by the Administrator by rule)--
(A) is a primary product;
(B) generates, in the course of the manufacture of the good, a
substantial quantity of direct greenhouse gas emissions and indirect
greenhouse gas emissions; and
(C) is closely related to a good the cost of production of which in
the United States is affected by a requirement of this Act.
(6) FOREIGN COUNTRY- The term `foreign country' means a member of,
or observer government to, the World Trade Organization (WTO), other
than the United States.
(7) INDIRECT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS- The term `indirect greenhouse
gas emissions' means any emissions of a greenhouse gas resulting
from the generation of electricity that is consumed during the
manufacture of a good.
(8) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT- The term `international agreement'
means any international agreement to which the United States is a
party, including the Marrakesh agreement establishing the World
Trade Organization, done at Marrakesh on April 15, 1994.
(9) INTERNATIONAL RESERVE ALLOWANCE- The term `international reserve
allowance' means an allowance (denominated in units of metric tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent) that is--
(A) purchased from a special reserve of allowances pursuant to
section 6006(a)(2); and
(B) used for purposes of meeting the requirements of section 6006.
(10) PRIMARY PRODUCT- The term `primary product' means--
(A) iron, steel, aluminum, cement, bulk glass, or paper; or
(B) any other manufactured product that--
(i) is sold in bulk for purposes of further manufacture; and
(ii) generates, in the course of the manufacture of the product,
direct greenhouse gas emissions and indirect greenhouse gas
emissions that are comparable (on an emissions-per-dollar basis) to
emissions generated in the manufacture of products by covered
facilities in the industrial sector.
SEC. 6002. PURPOSES.
The purposes of this title are--
(1) to promote a strong global effort to significantly reduce
greenhouse gas emissions;
(2) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that greenhouse
gas emissions occurring outside the United States do not undermine
the objectives of the United States in addressing global climate
change; and
(3) to encourage effective international action to achieve those
objectives through--
(A) agreements negotiated between the United States and foreign
countries; and
(B) measures carried out by the United States that comply with
applicable international agreements.
SEC. 6003. INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS.
(a) Finding- Congress finds that the purposes described in section
6002 can be most effectively addressed and achieved through
agreements negotiated between the United States and foreign
countries.
(b) Negotiating Objective-
(1) STATEMENT OF POLICY- It is the policy of the United States to
work proactively under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change and, in other appropriate forums, to establish
binding agreements committing all major greenhouse gas-emitting
nations to contribute equitably to the reduction of global
greenhouse gas emissions.
(2) INTENT OF CONGRESS REGARDING OBJECTIVE- To the extent that the
agreements described in subsection (a) involve measures that will
affect international trade in any good or service, it is the intent
of Congress that the negotiating objective of the United States
shall be to focus multilateral and bilateral international
agreements on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to advance
achievement of the purposes described in section 6002.
SEC. 6006. INTERNATIONAL RESERVE ALLOWANCE PROGRAM.…
|